BMI categories (WHO)
| BMI | Category | Risk |
|---|---|---|
| < 16 | Severely underweight | Very high |
| 16 – 18.4 | Underweight | Elevated |
| 18.5 – 24.9 | Healthy weight | Minimal |
| 25 – 29.9 | Overweight | Elevated |
| 30 – 34.9 | Obesity class I | High |
| 35 – 39.9 | Obesity class II | Very high |
| ≥ 40 | Obesity class III | Critical |
What is BMI and why does it matter?
Body Mass Index is one of the most widely used health indicators in the world, helping to quickly assess the balance between weight and height
The basics and the boundaries
Body Mass Index (BMI) is a simple calculation devised in 1832 by Belgian mathematician Adolphe Quetelet. The formula: BMI = weight (kg) ÷ height² (m). Today it's used by the NHS, WHO, GPs and researchers worldwide as a first-line tool for classifying weight.
Healthy range
A BMI of 18.5–24.9 is considered ideal for adults. This range statistically carries the lowest risk of heart disease, diabetes and other chronic conditions.
Its limitations
BMI doesn't distinguish muscle from fat. Athletes can have a high BMI from muscle mass, while older adults can have a "normal" BMI yet carry excess fat.
International standard
WHO BMI categories are used worldwide. Some countries (e.g. across Asia) apply lower thresholds to reflect differences in body composition and disease risk.
Frequently asked questions about BMI
Answers to the most common questions about Body Mass Index
Everything you need to know about BMI
Body Mass Index (BMI) is a simple mathematical measure that quickly indicates whether a person's weight is proportionate to their height. Formula: BMI = weight (kg) ÷ height² (m). It's widely used in clinical practice, epidemiological research and public health monitoring across the UK and beyond.
Our free BMI calculator lets you instantly work out your Body Mass Index, see which category you fall into, and get personalised recommendations. Simply enter your height and weight – the calculator does the rest and displays your result visually.
According to World Health Organisation (WHO) and NHS guidance, the healthy BMI range for adults is 18.5–24.9. It's worth knowing that some countries, particularly in Asia, apply lower thresholds (overweight from 23) to reflect different body composition and disease risk patterns.
It's important to understand BMI's limitations: it can't tell the difference between muscle and fat. Professional athletes often have a BMI above 25 despite very low body fat. Older adults may have a "normal" BMI while still carrying excess fat tissue. For a more precise assessment, GPs also use waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, or full body composition analysis.
Across the UK, as in much of Europe, overweight and obesity remain a growing public health concern. NHS data shows a majority of UK adults are currently overweight or living with obesity. Monitoring your BMI regularly and acting early can help prevent chronic conditions such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and certain cancers.
Checking your BMI regularly is a quick, simple way to keep an eye on your health. Combined with a balanced diet, regular exercise and routine health checks, a BMI calculator can be a genuinely useful tool for managing your own wellbeing. We always recommend speaking to your GP or a registered dietitian for tailored advice.